电极自动清洗装置的简介与实践

在烟气制酸，废酸废水处理系统工序中，pH 电极的在线应用较为广泛。为了满足工艺条件的需求 ,经常会对 pH 值进行连续在线监测及控制。由于生产现场的特殊工况 , 电极的检测球泡浸在被测溶液中，经常会发生结垢的现象 ；导致测量数据的失真或无法获取检测值 , 这种现象是电极使用中的常见现象同时也是 PH 电极在实际使用中的瓶颈问题。本文针对电极检测中出现的问题进行了详尽的分析、论证、汇总，提出了相应的解决办法及改进优化措施。     

Biocomposite based electrode for effective removal of Cr (VI) heavy metal via capacitive deionization

Abstract

This study focuses on the fabrication of biocomposite electrode and removal of Cr (VI) ions from wastewater using a capacitive deionization (CDI) method. The activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from Bael fruit shell (BS). The synthesized AC surface has a macroporous and mesoporous structure with the large specific surface area (617.72?m² g^?1) and high adsorption capacity. The cyclic voltammetry and CDI were performed for the detection and for the removal of chromium (VI) ions, respectively. The lower level of detection of Cr (VI) by a modified electrode was found to be 10 ppt. SEM, BET, and FTIR analyses were performed to explore the surface properties of electrode materials. The removal efficiency was achieved 100% by using biocomposite electrode with an applied potential of 15?V. The highest percent removal mechanism consists of electrosorption and electroreduction due to the affinity between polyvinyl alcohol modified electrode and Cr (VI) ions, under electrochemically faradic process.     

Ni(OH)2与不同碳质材料复合制备超级电容器电极材料研究进展

超级电容器具有功率密度大、寿命长、生产成本低等优点,被认为是最有发展前途的储能系统之一。然而,超级电容器的低能量密度阻碍了其实际应用。由于存储的能量与CV2成正比,可以通过增加材料的电容"C"或操作电压窗口"V"或两者同时增加来提高超级电容器的能量密度。然而具有宽电位窗口的有机电解质离子往往电导率差,成本高,容易引起环境问题。因此为改善能量密度,应采用高比电容的电极材料,故而设计出具有高比电容的适合电极材料就成为研究热点。Ni(OH)2作为超级电容器电极材料,具有理论容量大、成本低、天然丰富、易于合成等优点,近年来备受关注。但由于Ni(OH)2导电率低、比表面积小,其容量劣化严重。碳质材料作为双电层超级电容器的电极材料,其能量存储机制取决于电极表面的电解质离子吸附和解离,具有导电率好、原料丰富、成本较低、电化学稳定性高等优点而应用广泛。因此,有必要将高导电碳质材料引入Ni(OH)2组成复合材料以提高电容性能。笔者综述了Ni(OH)2基材料的合成方法,特别是与碳质材料复合来提高Ni(OH)2基材料的循环稳定性和倍率性能方面的研究新进展。     

Copolymer synergistic coupling for chemical stability and improved gas barrier properties of a polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications

A novel radiation grafted ETFE based proton conducting membrane was prepared by double irradiation grafting of two different monomers. The intrinsic oxidative stability of the ETFE-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-divinylbenzene) membrane was improved by reducing the gas crossover through incorporation of polymethacrylonitrile (PMAN) containing the strong polar nitrile group. A fuel cell test was carried out at 80 °C under constant current density of 500 mA cm⁻² for a time exceeding 1′900 h. The incorporation of PMAN considerably improves the interfacial properties of the membrane-electrode assembly. No significant change in the membrane hydrogen crossover and performance over the testing time was observed, except for a measured decrease in the membrane ohmic resistance after 1′000 h. The combination of the double irradiation induced grafting with the use of the PMAN as gas barrier in addition to its chelating abilities (e. g. Ce³⁺) offers a promising strategy to develop more durable membranes for fuel cells.     

Synthesis of carbon nanomaterials for dye‐sensitized solar cells

In this paper, it was demonstrated that Na₂O can react with CO to produce carbon nanofibers at 500 °C and carbon nanosheets at 550 °C. Furthermore, the nanosheets exhibited excellent performance as a counter electrode for a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC), leading to a high power conversion efficiency of 7.57%. The efficiency is larger than that (4.72%) of a DSSC with the carbon nanofiber counter electrode and even comparable with that of an expensive Pt‐based DSSC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of stoichiometry and Cu-substitution on the phase structure and hydrogen storage properties of Ml-Mg-Ni-based alloys

To improve the electrochemical properties of rare-earth–Mg–Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys, the effects of stoichiometry and Cu-substitution on the phase structure and thermodynamic properties of the ...     

All-printed and highly stable organic resistive switching device based on graphene quantum dots and polyvinylpyrrolidone composite

We propose all printed and highly stable organic resistive switching device (ORSD) based on graphene quantum dots (G-QDs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composite for non-volatile memory applications. It is fabricated by sandwiching G-QDs/PVP composite between top and bottom silver (Ag) electrodes on a flexible substrate polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at ambient conditions through a cost effective and eco-friendly electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) technique. Thickness of the active layer is measured around 97 nm. The proposed ORSD is fabricated in a 3 × 3 crossbar array. It operates switching between high resistance state (HRS) and low resistance state (LRS) with OFF/ON ratio ∼14 for more than 500 endurance cycles, and retention time for more than 30 days. The switching voltage for set/reset of the devices is ±1.8 V and the bendability down to 8 mm diameter for 1000 cycles are tested. The elemental composition and surface morphology are characterized by XPS, FE-SEM, and microscope.     

Direct synthesis of Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite and its prospects as efficient electrode material in methanol fuel cell

New method of direct synthesis of Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite using tetrapropyl ammonium bromide (TPABr) as the template is reported in this study. The synthesis was based on one step procedure and did not involve the usual ion-exchange step to effect incorporation of the metal ion. The zeolite sample was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM with EDX, and BET adsorption techniques. The average diameter of the porous particle of zeolite was about 10 µm and it was a spherical cluster of crystals of about 141 nm long along one of its axis. Zeolite-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared by using the mixture of the synthesized zeolite and carbon black (Vulcan X-72) and casting it as a thin layer. With modified GCE as the working electrode, the oxidation of methanol in alkaline medium was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The response of the electrode for methanol oxidation in alkaline medium is promising and it highlights the candidature of the synthesized material for methanol fuel cell. The electrochemical behavior of Fe-ZSM-5 in acidic medium reveals the oxidation state of iron in the zeolite. Cationic iron in the zeolite framework imparts electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation.     

Intense-pulsed-light irradiation of Ag nanowire-based transparent electrodes for use in flexible organic light emitting diodes

Silver nanowire (AgNW) based transparent electrodes are inherently coarse and therefore typically are only ever weakly bonded to a substrate. A remarkable improvement in the characteristics of a AgNW network film has, however, been achieved through a simple and short process of irradiating it with intense pulsed light (IPL). This not only avoids any severe deterioration in the optical characteristics of the AgNW film, but also significantly improves its electrical conductivity, adhesion to a polymeric substrate, and ability to endure bending stress. Most important of all, however, is the finding that the surface roughness of AgNW networks can also be improved by radiation. In a series of measurements made of organic light emitting diodes fabricated using these treated electrodes, it was revealed that the leakage current can be notably reduced by IPL treatment.     

FeO0.7F1.3/C Nanocomposite as a High‐Capacity Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Searching high capacity cathode materials is one of the most important fields of the research and development of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Here, we report a FeO_0.7F_1.3/C nanocomposite synthesized via a solution process as a new cathode material for SIBs. This material exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 496 mAh g^?1 in a sodium cell at 50 °C. From the 3^rd to 50^th cycle, the capacity fading is only 0.14% per cycle (from 388 mAh g^?1 at 3^rd the cycle to 360 mAh g^?1 at the 50^th cycle), demonstrating superior cyclability. A high energy density of 650 Wh kg^?1 is obtained at the material level. The reaction mechanism studies of FeO_0.7F_1.3/C with sodium show a hybridized mechanism of both intercalation and conversion reaction.